0Ans 10.3 Given is
the structure declaration
struct
abc
{ int x;
float
y;
char
z;
}
Following
are the statements which declare and initialize the structure variable :
struct a
, b , c ; // Error The structure variable will not be declared as tag name
abc is missing
<!--[if !supportLists]-->II.
<!--[endif]-->struct abc a , b , c ; //Correct Declaration
<!--[if !supportLists]-->III.
<!--[endif]-->abc x , y
, z ; //Error the structure variable
will not be declared as struct keyword is missing
<!--[if !supportLists]-->IV.
<!--[endif]-->struct abc a[] ;
//Error Array size is missing
<!--[if !supportLists]-->V.
<!--[endif]-->struct abc a = { }; // a is assigned a value
which is never used
<!--[if !supportLists]-->VI.
<!--[endif]-->struct abc = b , { 1+2 , 3.0 , “xyz”} //Error syntactically wrong
<!--[if !supportLists]-->VII.
<!--[endif]-->struct abc c = { 4 , 5 , 6 } //Error last member
is a character it should be enclosed in single quotes
<!--[if !supportLists]-->VIII.
<!--[endif]-->struct abc a = 4 , 5.0 , “xyz” ; //Error
Initialization values should be enclosed in curly braces
Ans 10.4 None of the
given statements in the question is legal
Ans 10.5 For The
given declaration
struct item_bank
{ int number;
Double
cost;
}
Following
are the correct statements
(d) struct item_bank items[10];
Ans 10.6 For the
given declaration
typedef
struct abc
{ char x;
int
y ;
float
z[10] ;
} ABC ;
Following declarations are invalid
<!--[if !supportLists]-->(a)
<!--[endif]-->struct ABC v3;
Ans 10.8 Purpose of the following is:
<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.
<!--[endif]-->Template
<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.
<!--[endif]-->struct keyword : is used declare , define and
initialize a structure variable
<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.
<!--[endif]-->typedef keyword
: is used to declare the alias name for the existing datatype
<!--[if !supportLists]-->d.
<!--[endif]-->sizeof operator : is used to get the size of the variable which
is passed as parameter to the function
<!--[if !supportLists]-->e.
<!--[endif]-->tag name : it’s the name given to a structure
defined by us using struct keyword
Ans 10.9 struct
// Tag name for structure is missing
{ int number ;
float
price ;
} //;
is missing
Ans 10.10 Use of the following is as given below:
<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.
<!--[endif]-->union -
The concept of union has been partially borrowed from the concept of structure
the major difference being the members of union share same memory location
whereas the members of structure share different memory location. We use union
when we want a group of variables which we are using at different time but want
them under a common data type we use union
<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.
<!--[endif]-->Bit fields – There are several instances when data
requires much less than 16 bits space. For this we use bit fields which is a
set of adjacent bits whose size can be from 1 to 16 bits in length
<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.
<!--[endif]-->The size of operator – this operator is used for
determining the size occupied by the
variable in the memory which is provided as operand to the size of operator.
Ans 10.12 For th
following declarations and definition
struct
abc
{ int a;
float
b ;
};
struct
xyz
{ int x;
float
y;
};
abc a1
, a2;
xyz x1 , x2;
a1 = x1;
//Error two structure variables cannot be copied
<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.
<!--[endif]-->abc.a1 = 10.75; //Error structure variable
cannot be initialized in this way
<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.
<!--[endif]-->int m = a
+ x ; //Error structure members cannot be accessed in this way
<!--[if !supportLists]-->d.
<!--[endif]-->int n = x1.x + 10 // Correct
<!--[if !supportLists]-->e.
<!--[endif]-->a1 = a2 //Error two structure variables can
be copied only member wise not directly
<!--[if !supportLists]-->f.
<!--[endif]-->if (a.a1 > x.x1) // Error the member should come after the
variable name.
<!--[if !supportLists]-->g.
<!--[endif]-->if( a1.a < x1.x) //Correct
<!--[if !supportLists]-->h.
<!--[endif]-->if (x1 != x2 )
//Error two structure variables cannot be compared directly
Ans 10.15 Computer
stores structures using the concept of “ word boundary”. A word is the natural/native amount of data
fetched frommemory on a single access by a CPU. Now storing the data at the
boundary of the word the data can be fetched very fast. The size of the word
boundary is machine dependent. Now suppose
that the word boundary of the given machine is 4 byte. Now a structure
having three data members char , int ,
float will be stored in the memory as shown below . Now we can easily
understand that the empty space will be there
this empty byte in between the two data members is termed as slack byte.
Ans 10.16 The various points to be considered while implementing
bit field are as follows:
i. We cannot take address of a bit field
variable. Therefore we cannot use scanf function for reading them and neither
we can use pointer variable for such type of structure.
ii.
Bit fields cannot be arrayed.
iii.
Bit fields should be assigned values that are within the range of the of
their size.
Ans 10.19
typedef struct product
{ char name[10];
float
price ;
} PRODUCT products[10] ; // Error Immediately
after the alias name variable
cannot be declared
//Correct mode
typedef struct product
{ char name[10] ;
float
price;
} PRODUCT;
PRODUCT products[10];
Ans 10.20
Output:
8 Explanation
union will occupy the space according to largest member of the same
10 At
a time only one member can use the memory location of the union
1.23 Same
reason as above
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